The violence that most children are exposed to is within the safe walls of their own home. While watching just one hour of Saturday morning television, children witness more than 25 violent acts, according to Amy Griswold, University of Illinois Extension educator, family life. American children spend more time watching television than any other activity, except for sleeping.

In a 1998 study by the National Institute on Media and the Family (NIMF), 40 percent of families indicated that the television set is always or often on during meals. Thirty-eight percent of parents surveyed said their children have a television in their bedroom. "Excessive television is not good for children, especially due to the violent nature of many television programs, even children's programs," said Griswold. "Since 1955, there have been more than 1,000 studies, reports and commentaries concerning the effects of TV on kids. There is a strong consensus: TV violence does make children act more aggressively."

While TV violence may not turn children into serial killers, research clearly shows children who watch violence on TV are affected in ways most parents do not like, Griswold said. Children who frequently watch violent programs are more likely to fight with classmates, are more willing to hurt another child, and are more likely to argue and push or break toys. Studies have also shown that boys who prefer watching violent TV programs at age 8 are more aggressive at age 18. Some studies have shown a link between heavy violent television viewing and criminal behavior later in life. "After watching so many murders, fights and gun shots, children become less sensitive to violence, and more likely to see violence as the best way to solve problems," Griswold said. "After all, the heroes on TV beat up the bad guys and save the day."

Griswold provided these suggestions for parents who are concerned about how much violence their children watch on television.

• Set limits. Limit your child's use of TV to no more than one to two hours per day.
• Plan your child's viewing. Use a program guide and TV ratings to choose appropriate shows. Turn off any violent programs.
• Watch TV with your child. Also, talk about what you see. Young children may be unable to tell the difference between television shows, cartoons and real life.
• Encourage other activities instead of television.
• Set a good example yourself. Limit your own TV viewing and choose programs carefully. You may need to change your TV habits for the good of your children.