"Forcing is a process where the plant is fooled into thinking conditions are spring-like," explains David Robson, horticulture educator with University of Illinois Extension. "The process only requires a pair of pruning clippers, a bucket or large container, sunshine, a tub and water.

Most branches can be forced, but oaks, maples and sweet gum may not be impressive. The excitement of forcing comes from choosing flowering trees and shrubs.

Robson says forsythia is an easy forcer. Branches only need a couple of weeks of dormancy. Many brown buds have swollen with the recent warm spell. If temperatures drop drastically, flower buds may be susceptible to cold injury.

Flowering cherry, pear and quince often give successful results. These extra-early spring bloomers have a nice light fragrance as well as pale pink, red and white flowers. Red Twig Dogwood, redbud, Chinese or Lacebark Elm, apricot, apple, pussy willows and many viburnums can also be forced.

"Choose branches with the plumpest buds," advises Robson. "The bigger the bud, the quicker it will open. Small buds may dry out before opening."

Cut branches in the early afternoon after the temperatures and sap have risen. Prune selectively so the plant's shape isn't destroyed. Prune uniformly around and throughout the plant.

Look for branches with interesting shapes, not just straight up and down switches.

Once branches are cut, soak them for several hours or overnight in a bathtub filled with warm water. Make sure branches are submerged and branch ends are beneath the water.

The warm water softens the flower buds and allows for easier forcing.

Cut another inch off the branches before placing the limbs in a bucket or large container of warm water. This aids in the quick uptake of water. Some florists will crush the base of stems with a hammer.

Limbs produce the best flowers when placed in bright sunshine and cool temperatures. A southern exposure produces the best color, but unfortunately, it tends to be too warm. Ideal forcing temperatures are in the 55- to 65-degree range.

It may take two to three weeks for flowers to open. Check the water level daily. Don't allow limbs to dry out.

Once flower buds start to show color, place the limbs in a tall vase to enjoy throughout the house. Keep temperatures on the cool side for longevity.

Occasionally, limbs will produce roots. Although limbs can be transplanted outside in the spring, the chance of growth isn't guaranteed. Many limbs will die due to lack of sufficient stored energy.

Source: David J. Robson, Extension Educator, Horticulture, drobson@uiuc.edu