Disposing of pesticide concentrate that is no longer needed or legal to use, continues to be a problem. The first step is to store the product in a safe place (away from children, potential flooding sites, etc.) for future, proper disposal or collection. Be sure the container is labeled and in good condition.

One method of getting rid of excess pesticide concentrate is to contact the pesticide manufacturer to see if they will take it back. Another method is to contact other possible users of the pesticide to see if they have a use for it. For legal reasons, never sell a pesticide unless you are a licensed dealer. Both of these suggestions are based on the assumption that the pesticide is in the original, fully-labeled container.

Pesticides with out-dated labels, pesticides where the labeled uses have changed or the pesticide has been taken off of the market, can usually still be used until supplies are exhausted. This means that for most pesticides with out-dated labels, you can legally use up the pesticide according to the label on the container. There are exceptions to the rule because for some pesticides, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will allow old label uses for only a short time after product cancellation or label change. In rare cases, U.S. EPA may put a stop use on a product at the time of cancellation. For instance, it is no longer legal to use old stocks of 2,4,5-T or chlordane in the U.S.A. Contact the pesticide manufacturer to find out whether you can still use the product. One can also contact the state lead agency, Illinois Department of Agriculture (217-785-2427), or the U.S. EPA to obtain the same information.

Collection programs provide another way to get rid of unwanted pesticides. These have been available somewhat sporadically over the last several years. A program of this type involves a sponsoring state agency, a source of grant or other funds, and frequently an industry or other group that will take responsibility for assisting the program's development. The University of
Illinois Extension advertises these collection programs when they occur.

The Illinois Department of Agriculture has sponsored the collection of agricultural pesticides and associated hazardous waste. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a series of collection sites for household pesticides and other wastes in Spring 1998. The Illinois Department of Public Health sponsored a collection of commercial structural pest control pesticides in mid 1998.

With commercial agricultural or structural pesticide collection programs, there may be a period before the collection time when those wanting to dispose of pesticides must declare which pesticides and how much of each they will be bringing to the collection site. This allows the sponsoring agency to work with the commercial waste collector to get the maximum amount
of pesticide disposal for the money. In this process, some pesticides or pesticide formulations may be refused.

The most expensive option is to contact a waste hauler/collector. There will be large disposal and transport fees involved. Even a few small containers with transport fees are likely to cost about $1000. Your local waste hauler may be able to dispose of certain pesticides, if not, they should be able to refer you to a company that can deal with the waste. These may include:

· PDC Laboratories: 309-688-0760 (Peoria, IL)

· Waste Management and Industrial Services: 618-271-2804 (near E. St. Louis, IL)

· Heritage Environmental Services: 317-243-0811 (Indiana)

If you contact a commercial waste collector, they will ask you to submit an inventory of chemicals. They will then provide you with a price quote and set up a collection date and time.

(Phil Nixon and Bruce Paulsrud)

In response to Vice-President Gore's request for EPA and USDA to work together to ensure the smooth implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), a new committee was formed early this year. The EPA–USDA Tolerance Reassessment Advisory Committee (TRAC) began a series of meetings this past May to provide policy guidance on sound science, ways to increase transparency in decision making, strategies for a reasonable transition for agriculture, and ways to enhance consultations with stakeholders, as pesticide tolerances are reassessed, including those for organophosphates (OPs). In this way, TRAC is expected to help in developing the framework for implementation of FQPA by increasing public participation. Information about the TRAC and their meetings can be obtained by consulting the TRAC website ( http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/trac ) or calling (703)305-5805. (Adapted from US–EPA Federal Register: 63:111 and USDA Reregistration Notification Network 8:6)

OP preliminary risk assessments
The EPA is currently reviewing all the organophosphate (OP) insecticides under a new, stringent set of risk criteria established by FQPA. As part of their effort to increase the "transparency" of the reassessment process, the EPA is seeking public comment on the preliminary risk assessments it has conducted for certain OP insecticides.

• On August 10, 1998, EPA released the preliminary risk assessments for nine OPs. The nine pesticides are azinphos-methyl, bensulide, ethion, fenamiphos, isofenphos, naled, phorate, profenofos, and terbufos. Comments must be submitted by October 13, 1998. (Federal Register Notice 63:155)



• On September 9, 1998, EPA released the preliminary risk assessments for seven more OPs. These seven pesticides are cadusafos, ethoprop, dimethoate, fenthion, sulfotepp, temephos, and tribufos. Comments must be submitted by November 9, 1998. (Federal Register Notice 63:174)

The Agency also will issue and seek comments on additional risk assessments as they are developed. These risk assessments are preliminary and may be refined if additional health and environmental effects data, use data, or other relevant information on the pesticides becomes available. For further information, consult the OP website ( http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/op/ ), or call (703)308-8004.

Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program
EPA has considered recommendations of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) in developing its screening program. The full text of the EDSTAC draft final report is available on EPA's website ( http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/opptendo ). You may obtain a paper copy of the report by calling (202)554-1404.

- Bruce Paulsrud

As many of you know, Rhonda Ferree provided our state with educational leadership for the Worker Protection Standard (WPS) from day one. If you read the last issue of this newsletter, you also know that Rhonda (sorry about the photo!) accepted a position at the Fulton County Extension office. In doing so, Rhonda passed the "WPS torch" to me. As the Pesticide Applicator Training (PAT) season approaches, I thought it appropriate to briefly review a couple of points regarding WPS training.

For University of Illinois personnel who entered into a WPS trainingverification card program agreement under Rhonda, please continue to record and submit trainee information as before. (The address you have is for the PAT office.) If you need additional training-verification cards, please call me at (217)244-9646.

Qualified employers who train their own employees and wish to distribute WPS training-verification cards (cards are optional) should contact Tom Walker at the Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDA), (217)785-2427. You may also request from the IDA, a free copy of the WPS: How to Comply manual. (The most recent revision was July, 1993; no additional revisions are planned.) Another WPS training option is to have employees attend a PAT clinic. Clinic attendance for WPS purposes only does not require a certification exam, but your employees should request a WPS training-verification card. WPS training is good for 5 years. Remember, there's more to the WPS than just training. If you have questions about the WPS provisions or availability of training materials, contact your local University of Illinois Extension office. The Illinois WPS stakeholder committee is currently working to expand our web-based WPS resources (http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/~pse/resources/resources.html).

- Bruce Paulsrud

Web-based sources
If you are looking for a source of objective, science-based information about pesticides–written for the nonexpert–then the EXTOXNET (EXTension TOXicology NETwork) InfoBase may be for you! For example, you can access the pesticide information profiles (PIPs) for specific information on pesticides. Toxicology information briefs (TIBs) contain a discussion of certain concepts in toxicology and environmental chemistry. Other topic areas include toxicology issues of concern (TICs), fact sheets, news about toxicology issues, newsletters, resources for toxicology information, and technical information.

A new feature, frequently asked questions (FAQs), has been designed to answer questions that you might have about toxicants and the environment, how toxicants might affect you, and how you might become aware of possible hazards around you. Topics include:

--Adverse health effects and risks
--Diet and cancer
--Food safety
--Household hazardous waste
--Indoor air
--Laws and regulations
--Pesticides
--Safe drinking water
--Soil (gardening and chemicals)

EXTOXNET is an effort of University of California, Davis; Oregon State University; Michigan State University; Cornell University; and the University of Idaho. Its purpose is to stimulate dialog on toxicology issues, develop and make available information relevant to extension toxicology, and facilitate the exchange of toxicology-related information. EXTOXNET is accessible via the World Wide Web (http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/).

Phone-based sources
The National Pesticide Telecommunications Network (NPTN) is a toll-free telephone service that provides pesticide information to any caller in the United States, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands. This service provides objective, science-based information about a wide variety of pesticide-related subjects, including pesticide products, recognition and management of pesticide poisoning, toxicology, and environmental chemistry.

NPTN is staffed by highly qualified and trained pesticide specialists who have the toxicology and environmental chemistry education needed to provide knowledgeable answers to pesticide questions. The NPTN is a source of factual chemical, health, and environmental information about more than 600 pesticide active ingredients incorporated into more than 50,000 different products registered for use in the United States since 1947. NPTN can:

--Help callers interpret and understand toxicology and environmental chemistry information about pesticides.
--Supply general information on regulation of pesticides in the United States.
--Access over 300 pesticide resources.
--Access pesticide label information.
--Direct callers for pesticide incident investigation; emergency human and animal treatment; safety practices; cleanup and disposal; laboratory analyses

Excluding holidays, you can call NPTN seven days a week from 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. (CST) at (800)858-7378. You can also contact NPTN by fax, (541)737-0761, or by e-mail (nptn@ace.orst.edu).

- Robert Wolf

AUTHORITY FIRST–SYNCHRONY STS (sulfentrazone/chlorimuron-ethyl/thifensulfuron-methyl), FMC/DuPont
A co-pack postemergence herbicide for soybeans; marketed by both companies.

AXIOM DF (FOE 5043), Bayer
EPA has approved an application to register this new active ingredient for controlling broadleaf weeds and grasses in corn and soybeans. (FR vol. 63, 5-29-98)

MON 65500, Monsanto
A new fungicide being developed for use on wheat to prevent take-all diseases.

PREMIERE (metalaxyl), Wilbur-Ellis
A new seed-treatment formulation for use on corn. [fungicide]

SELECT (clethodim), Valent
Received EPA registration to tank-mix with Pursuit for use on newly seeded alfalfa. [herbicide]

TILT (propiconazole), Novartis
The state of Illinois received a Section 18 label for Tilt fungicide on corn to control gray leaf spot and rust, to be applied post-silk. The label expired August 25, 1998. (University of Illinois Pest Management and Crop Production Bulletin, vol. 21, 8/14/98)

Unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, July 1998, August 1998

- Bruce Paulsrud

ARMICARB 100 (potassium bicarbonate), Church and Dwight
EPA approved added uses to the registration to control powdery mildew and other diseases on ornamentals and other food/feed crops. (FR vol. 63, 6-5-98)

CHAMP (copper hydroxide), Agtrol
The preharvest interval for this product has been reduced from 48 to 24 hours. [fungicide]

DECLARE (methyl parathion), Griffin
A new product for this company, recently registered by EPA. [insecticide]

M-97-002/M-97-009/M-97-018 (kaolin), Englehard Corp.
EPA has approved an application to register this new active ingredient to control various insects, mites, and fungal and bacterial diseases on crops. (FR vol. 63, 7-8-98)

ORTHENE (acephate), Valent
Due to the high cost of reregistration, the use on pasture and rangeland, wastelands, and forestry will be dropped from the label. Unless withdrawn, this change will become effective on 1-4-99. (FR vol. 63, 7-8-98) [insecticide]

RIDOMIL GOLD (mefenoxam), Novartis
The signal word for this product has been changed from "warning" to "caution." [fungicide]

RONILAN/CURALIN (vinclozolin), BASF
The company announced it will voluntarily remove from the label certain use as required by EPA. They will phase out sales on strawberries and stone fruits and amend use on professional turf. The flowable formulations of these products also will be phased out. The product in distributors' hands may be sold until 6-30-99, and growers may use the product until 1-30-2000. [fungicide]

Valent
The company has signed an agreement with Dominion Biosciences to jointly develop Dominion's bio-fungicide products. Involved is the bio-fungicide Leone, which is a predator bacteria that controls Botrytis in strawberries, Phytophthora in potatoes, and Septoria in wheat.

Unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, July 1998, August 1998

- Bruce Paulsrud

Agr Evo
Liberty Link sugarbeet varieties have been granted nonregulated status by USDA. They may now be planted, and the use of Liberty (glufosinate ammonium) on sugarbeets is expected in 1999.

Agr Evo
The company's facility to produce glufosinate ammonium in Muskegon, Michigan, has become operational. AgrEvo spent $60 million on the plant.

American Home Products/Monsanto
The two companies have announced an agreement to merge in an equal transaction. A new name will be chosen, and the combined sales are expected to be in excess of $28 billion. The new agricultural business will be headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri.

AMVAC
The company has signed an agreement with Valent to take over the U.S. marketing rights to Dibrom (Naled) insecticide. They already have international rights to the product. Completion is expected on 11-2-98.

AMVAC
The company has entered into an agreement with Fortune Biotech Ltd. to market exclusively in the United States the insecticide azadirachtin, derived from the Neem tree.

Dekalb
The company supplied about 750,000 acres of Roundup Ready corn to the U.S. market this year. They should have around 3 million acres available for the 1999 season.

DuPont
The company is acquiring Merck & Co.'s share of their 50–50 joint venture named DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., for $2.6 billion. It will now be called the DuPont Pharmaceutical Co. and become a wholly owned subsidiary of DuPont. Life sciences will be the basic interest of this company.

DuPont
The company has purchased Hybrinova S.A. of France, which is the hybrid wheat subsidiary of LaFarge S.A. JLM Industries

This company located in Tampa, Florida, has acquired a majority interest in the Spanish chemical company Inguinosa. This acquisition will give JLM exclusive marketing rights to Lindane insecticide in the United States and Canada.

MEC EASTERN PINE SHOOT BORER PHEROMONE, 3M Canada
Proposed to EPA to register this new active ingredient for the mating disruption of the pine shoot borer in forest and woodland applications. (FR vol. 63, 6-12-98)

Monsanto
Reached an agreement with Pioneer Hi Bred Intl. to let them use the Roundup Ready gene in hybrid canola. Introduction into the Unitef States and Canadian market is expected in 2000.

Monsanto
The company will collaborate with Forage Genetics of West Salem, Wisconsin, in the research and development of value-added alfalfa. One of the first products will be Roundup Ready alfalfa, which should be available after the year 2000.

Monsanto
The company has agreed to purchase Cargill, Inc., international seed operators in Central and Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa, for $1.4 billion. It does not include Cargill's seed operation on the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom.

I>Monsanto
The company has acquired a major position in First Line Seeds of Guelph Canada. First Line Seed is a major supplier of soybean seed to the Canadian market and will market Roundup Ready soybeans in that country.

Monsanto
The company has purchased a wheat-breeding business from Unilever Group for $525 million. This step will be part of Monsanto's push to genetically engineer wheat.

Mycogen
The company, in conjunction with Forage Genetics and new Mexico State University, has announced a three-way research and development agreement to design and improve forage quality of alfalfa. The initial focus will be on the development of transgenic alfalfa plants to enhance utilization by livestock.

Novartis
The company will spend over $600 million in the next 10 years to create NADA (Novartis Agricultural Discovery Institute), which will be dedicated to agricultural genomics research. It will be located in San Diego, California, and employ about 180 researchers.

Scotts Co.
The company has signed a letter of intent for the exclusive international marketing rights to Monsanto's Roundup consumer products. Scotts Co.

The company has signed a letter of intent with Monsanto to purchase their consumer lawn and garden business (Ortho line) for $300 million. This transaction also includes the Canadian Green Cross consumer business. Scotts would acquire the inventory, assets, and manufacturing of the Monsanto business.

The company has acquired two European lawn and garden businesses. They have purchased the European lawn and garden retail business of Rhone-Poulenc for $220 million. They also purchased ASEF of the Netherlands, which markets lawn and garden products in that country.

Zeneca
The company will spend over $85 million to improve its ag chem research facility in Jealotts Hill, England, over the next 4 years.

Zeneca
The company, in conjunction with Seminis, will market two genetically modified fresh tomatoes in Europe this year. They will be under the names Vengadura and Vegaspeso.

Unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, July 1998, August 1998

- Bruce Paulsrud

B-NINE (daminozide), Uniroyal
As a result of the IR-4 Project, use on larkspur (delphinium) can now be added to the label for this growth regulator.

B-NINE (daminozide), Uniroyal
Label changes for this growth regulator is for use on container-grown ornamentals in greenhouses and shadehouses, as well as for plants grown outdoors in containers.

BARRIER (diclobenil), PBI Gordon
A new label recently introduced for use on ornamentals. It is a 4% granule. [herbicide]

CHIPCO RONSTAR (oxadiazon), Rhone-Poulenc
This product is now available in 1.5-ounce water-soluble packets. It is used at 1 to 2 packets/1,000 square feet. [herbicide]

DIMENSION (dithiopyr), Rhom & Haas
Received EPA registration to apply to more than 150 species of flowering plants, shrubs, and trees to control crabgrass and other weeds. Up to three applications may be made per year. Apply only to established plants.

DIMENSION (dithiopyr), Rhom & Haas
As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on geraniums, hawthorn, juniper, sugar maple, red oak, and yew. [herbicide]

DISTANCE (pyripoxyfen), Valent
The insect growth regulator was recently registered for use on greenhouse ornamentals to control whiteflies, fungus gnats, shore flies, leafminers, and scale.

GAME STOP (fish oil), Themac Corp.
EPA approved an application to register this new active ingredient to apply to foliage and twigs of trees, shrubs, and ornamental plants to repel deer and rabbits. (FR vol. 63, 7-8-98)

MANCOZEB
As a result of the IR-4 Project, use on gloxinia may now be added to the label. [fungicide]

PFR-MUP/PFR-97 WDG (Paecilomyces fumoroseus Apopka strain 97) Thermo Trilogy
EPA approved an application to register this bioinsecticide to control whiteflies, aphids, thrips, and spider mites on ornamentals and nonfood crops in greenhouses and interiorscapes. (FR vol. 63, 7-8-98)

PREFAR (bensulide), Gowan
Added to their label the use on field-grown flowers, bulbs, and ornamentals to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.

RONSTAR (oxadiazon), Rhone–Poulenc
As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on Cheddar pink, baby's breath, dahlia, day lily, ice plant, hardy mum, leopard's bane, mock orange, plantain lily, tickseed, and sweet william. [herbicide]

SAMMITE (pyridaben), BASF
This product is now labeled for outdoor use on ornamental plants to control mites, whiteflies, and mealybugs.

SP-5001 (GABA), Auxein Corp.
This new growth regulator is being developed and will be marketed by SePro Corp. later this year to the ornamental industry. The product helps a plant overcome the effects of stress, resulting in more and bigger flowers, and faster rooting.

SURFLAN (oryzalin), Dow Agro Sciences
As a result of the IR-4 Project, they may now add to their label the use on bell flower, Kousa dogwood, and redbud. [herbicide]

TUPERSAN (siduron), PBI Gordon
Label changes include the suppression of bermudagrass in bentgrass golf greens and the application to roadside slopes and other areas by hydroseeding.

Unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, July 1998, August 1998

- Bruce Paulsrud

2,4-D LV6 ESTER, Riverdale Chemical
Added to their label the use of this product as a growth regulator on potatoes to enhance red color. Apply when potatoes are 7 to 14 inches tall, and repeat 10 to 14 days later, with at least a 45-day preharvest interval.

BAYTHROID (cyfluthrin), Bayer
Added to their label the aerial application on carrots, peppers, radishes, and tomatoes. [insecticide]

COMPLY (fenoxycarb), Novartis
United States for next year's season, on apples, pears, and nut crops to control codling moth and other insects.

CURZATE 60 DF (cymoxanil), DuPont
This new formulation will be marketed this year for late blight control on potatoes. It should be tank-mixed with mancozeb or chlorothalonil. Curzate M-8 cymoxanil/mancozeb),
which was marketed previously, will be phased out and replaced with Curzate 60 DF.

PURSUIT (imazethapyr), American Cyanamid
Received registration in Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, and Michigan to use on snapbeans as a preplant soil-incorporated or a preemergence application. [herbicide]

RETAIN, Abbott Labs
EPA issued an experimental permit for this growth regulator for use on 72 acres of stone fruits to evaluate fruit quality and preharvest drop control. Authorized for use in Arizona, California, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, and Washington. The treated crop must be destroyed. Expires 3-1-99. (FR vol. 63, 6-15-98)

VANGARD (cyprodinil), Novartis
EPA approved an application to register this new active ingredient to control certain diseases on almonds, grapes, pome fruit, and stone fruit. (FR vol. 63, 6-5-98)

Unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, July 1998, August 1998

- Bruce Paulsrud

ALERT (chlorfenapyr), American Cyanamid
Proposed to EPA to register this new active ingredient to control ants, cockroaches, and wood-infesting insects. (FR vol. 63, 6-15-98)

COPPER NAPHTHENATE
Due to the high cost of reregistration, the interior use of
this product will be dropped from the label of those people who market the products. The same situation goes for zinc naphthenate. Unless withdrawn, this change be effective on 1-4-99. (FR vol. 63, 7-8-98) [fungicide]

PRECISE (spinosad), Dow AgroSciences
Received EPA registration to use indoors to control drywood termites.

Unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, July 1998, August 1998

- Bruce Paulsrud