In 1995, authorities became aware of deformed frogs being found in various localities in southern Minnesota. In 1996, deformed frogs were found in 54 Minnesota counties. Originally, there had been a single report of deformed frogs in 1993. Subsequently, there have been similar reports from Vermont and Quebec. These deformities usually consist of missing or malformed hind legs or the presence of additional hind legs. Less commonly, one eye may be absent. Within the last 10 years, abnormalities have been reported in 36 species of amphibians in 42 states.

Worldwide, there appears to be a drop in the number of amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders). Because amphibians have very porous skin, it's thought that they may be more susceptible to chemicals in the environment than many other animals. With larval amphibians (tadpoles) living in the water and the adults being exposed to the air, it is thought that contaminating chemicals in either environment may affect amphibians.

Pesticides have been suggested as possible causes of these deformities. In fact, national news stories have made it sound as if that was the most probable cause of the deformities. Reports have made it sound as if frogs and other amphibians are an early warning sign of impending widespread problems due to pesticide use. However, parasites, infections, other chemicals, and even physical injury have been known to cause this type of deformity.

The worldwide drop in amphibian numbers, as well as the presence of deformed Minnesota frogs, has resulted in increased research into this area over the past few years. Results of some of that research are starting to become available. Realize that amphibians are not usually considered to be economically important, which manifests itself in less research money, fewer jobs for herpetologists (scientists who study amphibians and reptiles), and fewer herpetologists, compared to some other scientists (such as entomologists). Thus, relatively little is known about the world's amphibians.

The pesticide that has been considered the most likely cause of frog deformities is methoprene. Methoprene is an insect growth regulator that has been on the market for many years, but it has been labeled for many more uses in recent years. This insecticide mimics the juvenile hormone in insects. The hormone is important in insect nymphal or larval development, as well as adult insect fertility. Affected insects either don't grow into adults or develop into adults that are incapable of reproduction. Because humans and other mammals do not have the juvenile hormone, it has been considered very safe.

Methoprene is, however, considered to be a retinoid mimic. Retinoids can be used experimentally to produce deformities, including extra legs, in frogs. In addition, retinoids tend to be powerful human teratogens. Teratogens are chemicals that cause fetal abnormalities and monstrosities, that is, they result in deformed human babies. Studies of multilegged deformed frogs from five species at 12 sites located in California, Oregon, Arizona, and New York show deformities unlike those caused by retinoids. However, all of the several hundred deformed frogs studied had trematode (parasitic flatworm) cysts near the deformed hind legs. These results were published in the April 30, 1999, issue of Science.

In that same issue, another report stated that in California, 4 of 13 ponds studied were being found with similarly abnormal Pacific treefrogs. Testing of the water failed to detect any pesticides, PCB's, or heavy metals. Eggs collected from the ponds hatched and developed normally in the laboratory. Only the four ponds with the deformed ponds had the trematode parasite, Ribeiroia sp., as well as the aquatic snail that is the host of the parasitic flatworm before it attacks frog tadpoles. In the lab, tadpoles were exposed to the cercariae (flatworm larvae) of the trematode. The cercariae caused cysts to be formed in the area where the rear legs would later develop. The surviving tadpoles developed deformed and extra legs as they turned into adult frogs. Other tadpoles that were exposed to another trematode parasite developed cysts but developed into frogs with normal legs.

In Australia, massive multispecies frog die-offs have been linked to a parasitic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. According to the July 3, 1998, and April 30, 1999, issues of Science, this same fungus is implicated in massive die-offs in Panama, Costa Rica, and the United States-in Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, New Mexico, and the Great Lakes region.

In Minnesota and Vermont, deformed frogs are just as likely not to have trematode cysts as to have them. Some researchers suggest that the frog immune system may cause the trematode parasites to disappear. Water collected from Minnesota ponds containing abnormal northern leopard frogs caused embryos of African clawed frogs to develop abnormally. When organic compounds and metals were filtered out of the water, fewer deformities resulted (Science, December 19, 1997).

Other potential causes of amphibian die-offs and deformities include increased ultraviolet light, selenium and other heavy metals, PCBs, temperature, diet, natural mutations, and endocrine disrupter chemicals (Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians, 1998). Some researchers believe that most amphibian die-offs can be linked to habitat loss through the expansion of people into additional locales. Another possibility is that there is no problem. There have been reports of five-legged frogs and salamanders for at least 250 years, but it's difficult or impossible to determine how common such deformations have been in the past.

In all likelihood, a variety of conditions will be found to be responsible for the die-off and abnormalities among amphibians in the United States and the rest of the world. We already know that a flatworm parasite and a fungus are involved. Additional information is sure to be discovered. Even where parasites and fungi are involved, the question that needs to be asked is why they have become so important at this time. Is it just chance, or is it due to some other change in the environment that people have caused through the use of pesticides or other chemicals? Are frogs and other amphibians giving us an early warning of something in the environment that could eventually affect us? The answer is obviously not an easy one.

(Phil Nixon)

Consumer Confidence Reports
Beginning in 1999, all public water supplies will be required to provide their customers with an annual drinking water quality report. These "consumer confidence" reports were developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US/EPA) in consultation with water suppliers, environmental groups, and individual states. The reports are intended to provide consumers with important information about the quality of their drinking water.

A report will include information about the source of drinking water (such as a lake, river, or aquifer) and whether or not it meets federal drinking water requirements. The report will indicate how susceptible this local drinking water source is to contamination and will identify potential sources of contamination. It will list the contaminants detected in the water supply and will outline the potential health effects of any contaminant found in violation of an EPA health standard.

Finally, the report will tell consumers where they can go for more information on water quality and how to get a copy of the water system's complete source-water assessment. Consumer confidence reports are part of the right-to know provisions in the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. They are aimed at improving public information about drinking water and increasing participation in water-quality protection efforts. More information is available on EPA's drinking water website at http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw or from the Safe Drinking Water hotline, (800)426-4791. For further information, contact George Czapar, Springfield Extension Center, (217)782-6515.
(George Czapar)

As a related item, sales of bottled drinking water have increased substantially over the last decade. Certainly bottled water is convenient; and often, consumers view it as a pure, alternative source of drinking water. However, consumers should be aware that several recent reports allege that even bottled water may not be free of biological and chemical contaminants.
(Bruce E. Paulsrud)

We are pleased to announce a new addition to our PAT team. Michelle Buesinger was recently hired as an Extension specialist in horticulture. She grew up on a beef and grain farm in central Illinois. She has a B.S. degree in crop sciences and a M.S. degree in weed science, both earned at the University of Illinois. When not busy with training or revising manuals, she plans to be active at the Plant Clinic and to work cooperatively with David Williams, conducting ornamental herbicide screen studies. Welcome, Michelle!

As previously discussed in this newsletter (October 1998), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US/EPA) is currently reviewing all the organophosphate (OP) insecticides under a new, stringent set of risk criteria established by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). To increase the transparency (stakeholder participation) of this process and to provide policy guidance on sound science, the Tolerance Reassessment Advisory Committee (TRAC) began a series of meetings in May 1998. The TRAC is made up of various stakeholders, such as environmental and public interest groups; pesticide industry and trade associations; user, grower, and commodity organizations; pediatric and public health organizations; federal agencies; tribal, state, and local governments; academia; and consumer groups.

Less than a year later, and with one more meeting to go, all environmental, consumer, and public interest members quit the TRAC. A Washington Post writer (April 28, 1999, p. A23), captured the feelings of one former TRAC member: "The EPA has "dithered in endless, fruitless debate instead of developing a plan for banning or limiting the use of agricultural chemicals that can cause cancer, neurological damage and reproductive defects."

There is no doubt that implementing the FQPA provisions has turned out to be more difficult and controversial than expected. However, there is a hint that the EPA is headed in the right direction in terms of accurately describing pesticide use. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs is searching the available data and compiling tables, or matrices, that display information, crop by crop, about the amount of each OP pesticide used, what critical pests it is used to combat, and, where available, regional differences in use patterns.

In other words, the EPA is using actual pesticide use and usage data to arrive at realistic estimates of cumulative risks. Of course, there are gaps in the actual data; and the data used is given a confidence ranking. The fact remains, that where there is limited or no data, the EPA must use the conservative information it gleans from product labels.

These DRAFT matrices are being posted to the Internet (www.epa.gov/oppbead1/matrices) to allow public access. (As of May 5, only five crop matrices were listed.) Grower representatives and other interested people are invited to review the documents and offer their comments.
(Bruce E. Paulsrud)

Gloves should be worn to protect yourself from contact with pesticides. All pesticide labels give options for the type of glove material. These options are not random but are based on the ability of that material to withstand the pesticide formulation for the longest time.

Pesticide active ingredients are dissolved in carrier solvents such as water, alcohols, and petroleum distillates. All solvents (except water) can penetrate glove materials faster than the pesticide active ingredient alone. In other words, the solvents carry the pesticide through the glove and into contact with your skin. Glove materials differ in their resistance to particular solvents: The ones that hold the solvent at bay the longest protect from pesticide contamination the longest. Solvents are classified as inert ingredients and, in most cases, are not disclosed on the label.

While some pesticide labels may specify the exact type of glove to be used, other labels may simply indicate the general type of glove that is appropriate, such as waterproof or chemical resistant, and then provide acceptable options. In addition, some labels provide chemical resistance category letters, which indicate the type of solvents used in the pesticide formulation. Where specific information is given, use only the glove materials listed on the label for that product: Do not assume that one type of glove works for all the pesticides you may use. In addition, if you are mixing two or more pesticides in the same tank, follow the most restrictive pesticide label when selecting gloves and other personal protective equipment.

Categories (A to H) on Pesticide Labels and the EPA Glove Chart
The letter designation refers to the carrier solvent and its concentration in the pesticide formulation, not the type of pesticide. The letter designation is found on labels under "Precautionary Statements." Usually, the label will list several choices of glove material. Listed here are the letter designations for various pesticide solvents.
A. Any dry or water-based pesticide formulation
B. Any pesticide with acetate as the carrier solvent
C. Any pesticide with alcohol as the carrier solvent
D. Any pesticide with halogenated hydrocarbons as the carrier
E. Any pesticide with ketones (such as acetone) as the carrier solvent
F. Any pesticide with a ketone and aromatic petroleum distillates mixture as the carrier solvent
G. Any pesticide with aliphatic petroleum distillates (such as kerosene, petroleum oil, or mineral oil) as the carrier solvent
H. Any pesticide that has aromatic petroleum distillates (such as xylene) as the carrier solvent.

US/EPA Chemical Resistance Category Selection Chart: For use when the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) section on the pesticide label lists a chemical resistance category.

Glove Materials
Barrier laminate(foil type): the most chemically resistant, but uncomfortable, with poor dexterity because of design limitations. Common brand names include Silver Shield and 4-H. Chemical resistance: High for categories A to H ($6.50).

Butyl rubber (at least 14 mils): a synthetic rubber that is resistant to gas and water vapors. A good choice for certain fumigants. Good dexterity. Chemical resistance: High for categories A to D and F; Slight for E, G, and H ($19.50).

Nitrile rubber (at least 14 mils): resists punctures better than other materials. Good dexterity, and slip-proof grip. Comes in a range of lengths, thicknesses, and lined or unlined. Chemical resistance: High for categories A, C, E, and F; Moderate for D; Slight for B, G, and H ($2.39).

Neoprene rubber (at least 14 mils): a synthetic rubber with good dexterity; remains flexible at low temperatures. Some versions have a two-color process that shows when the coating is wearing thin. Chemical resistance: High for category A, C, and E, ($2.00).

Natural rubber (latex; at least 14 mils): good only for dry or water-based formulations ($12 to $19).

Polyethylene: no information available.

PVC (at least 14 mils): gloves 20 mil thick ($2.00). Liquid-proof PVC-coated gloves can be used for protection against anhydrous ammonia ($4.00).

Viton (at least 14 mils): the most chemically resistant glove available for the recommended categories. Thick, but very flexible and comfortable to wear. Very expensive ($150.00).

Glove Use Tips
Keep one set of gloves for pouring and mixing concentrates and another set for spraying. The 4-H glove is so named because it is able to keep out most solvents for at least 4 hours. Because the 4-H and other barrier laminates are the most chemically resistant gloves, realize that other glove materials are likely to keep out some solvents with their pesticides for even shorter periods of time. Reduce the exposure time by washing your gloves and other personal protective equipment after each use. Allow them to dry before storing.

Because the manufacturers label the glove packages (but not the gloves them-selves) with the name of the material, write it on the inside of the glove cuff with a permanent magic marker. This saves confusion later.

Don't use gloves that contain a lining because the lining absorbs pesticides. Gloves that contain a thin lining of flocking are acceptable. These gloves have a thin, white coating, making the gloves more comfortable to wear.
(Phil Nixon and Bruce Paulsrud, adapted from Mississippi State University Extension.)

CANOPY XL (sulfentrazone/chlorimuron-ethyl)-DuPont-Received an EPA label to tank-mix with Lexone or Lorox for use on soybeans. [herbicide]

COBRA (lactofen)-Valent-Received an EPA label for the suppression of white mold on soybeans. Also, it can be tank-mixed with First Rate, Roundup Ultra, or Raptor. [herbicide]

CYANAZINE-DuPont/Griffin-EPA allowed a variation in the planned phase-out of this product in 2002. They will allow a maximum use rate of 3 lb ai/acre, rather than the current maximum of 1 lb ai/acre, to allow for special weather conditions. (FR, vol. 64, 1-22-99). [herbicide]

DISTINCT (diflufenzopyr/dicamba)-BASF-Received registration to use on corn as a postemergence application to control broadleaf weeds when the corn is 4 to 24 inches tall. Fast acting, with 6 weeks' residual control. Formulated as a WDG in 7.5-l. jugs.

FRONTIER (dimethenamid)-BASF-A new label on corn and soybeans allows fall application after October 1, before the ground freezes. [herbicide]

LIGHTING (imazethapyr/imazapyr)-American Cyanamid-Added to their label the control of Venice mallow in corn.

LORSBAN (chlorpyrifos)-Dow AgroSciences-Due to the high cost of re-registration, the company will delete from its label the use on popcorn. (FR, vol. 64, 1-27-99). [insecticide]

RAMROD (propachlor)-Monsanto-The registrant has agreed to cancel voluntarily the dry-flowable formulation for this preemergence herbicide. The registrant discontinued production in August 1998. Products must be sold by 6-30-2000. (FR, vol. 64,3-3-99).

RAVE (triasulfuron/dicamba)-Novartis-A new herbicide that is expected to be available this next season to control 74 broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley, pastures, and rangeland. Spring wheat may be treated from emergence to the 6-leaf stage, and spring barley from emergence to the 4-leaf stage.

ROUNDUP (glyphosate)-Monsanto-Up to two crop applications may be made to Roundup Ready corn, up to the 30-inch stage. Up to 32 oz may be applied per application, with a maximum of 64 oz/crop year. In addition, Monsanto received a label to use up to 3 qt/acre in multiple over-the-top applications to Roundup Ready soybeans, from cracking through the flowering period. The maximum rate for a single application is 2 qt/acre. [herbicide]

SELECT (clethodim)-Valent-Received a label to control volunteer corn in soybeans.

STELLAR (lactofen/flumiclorac-pentyl)-Valent-Added to their label the suppression of white mold on soybeans. [herbicide]

TILT (propiconizole)-Novartis-A special local needs section 24(C) for Tilt fungicide has been approved for Illinois. This provision allows wheat producers to use Tilt until Feeke's growth stage 10.5, for the management of several fungal wheat diseases (such as leaf blotch) and rust diseases and for the suppression of fusarium head blight. (Suzanne Bissonnette, University of Illinois Extension IPM Educator).

(Michelle Buesinger, unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, March, and April, 1999.)

ADAGE (thiamethoxam)-Novartis-The company received a U.S. patent for the seed--treatment use for this new product. It will be developed for use on cotton, cereals, canola, soybeans, corn, and potatoes, with the first registration expected by the end of 1999. [insecticide]

ALTOSID XR-G (methoprene)-Wellmark-A new EPA label allows for use in crop areas, such as irrigated crop- lands, pastures, rangeland, vineyards, and fruit and nut orchards; for mosquito control.

ASULOX (asulam)-Rhone-Poulenc-Due to the high cost of re-registration, the company has requested EPA to cancel voluntarily the use of this product. Unless withdrawn, this change will be effective 7-26-99. (FR, vol. 65, 1-27-99). [herbicide]

CINNAMITE (cinnamon oil)-Mycotech-A new insecticide registered on ornamentals to control mites and aphids. It also controls the eggs.

FICAM/TURCAM (bendiocarb)-AgrEvo-Due to the high cost of re-registration, the manufacturer requests to delete from the label the use on non-bearing nut, citrus, and other fruit trees. Also for use in aircraft and masoleums. (FR, vol. 64, 2-24-99). [insecticide]

FINALE VM (glufosinate-ammonium)-AgrEvo-Due to the high cost of re-registration, the company has petitioned EPA to delete from their label the application in rights-of--way, industrial sites, ornamental, and Christmas tree plantings. Unless withdrawn, this change will be effective 9-7-99. (FR, vol. 64, 3-10-99). [herbicide]

HERITAGE (azoxystrobin)-Zeneca-Received EPA registration to use on ornamentals-both landscape and production-including nurseries and greenhouses. Injury has been noted on apples, crabapples, and Yoshina flowering cherry. Also, can now be used on all turf areas, including home lawns. [fungicide]

KELTHANE (dicofol)-Rohm & Haas-The company has voluntarily canceled all residential uses. Existing stocks must be sold by 2-1-2000. (FR, vol. 64, 3-3-99). [insecticide]

MORESTAN (oxythioquinox)-Bayer-EPA received a request from the manufacturer to cancel voluntarily the registration. Unless withdrawn, this change will be effective 9-13-99. (FR, vol. 64, 3-17-99). [insecticide]

PERMETHRIN PRO-TopPro/Micro Flo-A new formulation being marketed to control termites in structures and other insects in turf and ornamentals and as a premise spray.

REGENT 4SC (fipronil)-Rhone-Poulenc-A new formulation is being developed for use on potatoes. [insecticide]

ROVRAL/CHIPCO 26019 (iprodione)-Rhone-Poulenc-The registrant has voluntarily canceled all residential uses, including ornamental residential turf and residential use in vegetables and small-fruit gardens. Existing stocks must be sold by 2-1-2000. (FR, vol. 64, 3-3-99). [fungicide]

VERNAM (vernolate)-Zeneca/Drexel-The registrants have voluntarily canceled the technical and end-user labels. Existing stock must be sold by 2-1-2000. (FR, vol. 64,3-3-99). [herbicide]

WARRIOR T (lambda-cyhalothrin)-Zeneca-A new encapsulated formulation for use on alfalfa, cole crops, and lettuce. [insecticide]

(Michelle Buesinger, unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, March, and April, 1999.)

AGREVO-The company will have available this year up to 10 million acres of Liberty Link corn seed.

ECOGEN-Signed an agreement with Plant Health Care for them to take AQ-10, Cruiser, Crymax, and Lepinox under a PHC label into the turf and ornamental market.

MICRO-FLO-The company, recently purchased by BASF, has announced relocation of its headquarters from Lakeland, FL, to Memphis, TN.

MONSANTO-U.S. growers in 1999 will have over 1,000 varieties of Roundup Ready soybeans to choose from and enough seed to plant 35 million acres. The company announced a long-term license agreement with Zeneca, under which Zeneca can develop and register Touchdown products to put on Roundup Ready soybeans, corn, and cotton in the United States. In addition, the company has entered into a research agreement with Great Lakes Hybrids to develop corn rootworm-resistant hybrid corn.

NOVARTIS-The company announced new herbicide-tolerance technology by discovering a novel gene with tolerance to broad-spectrum herbicides. It will be developed under the trademark Acuron.

PARAGON PROFESSIONAL PEST CONTROL-The company will exclusively market and sell Zeneca's Prelude insecticide (permethrin) to the professional pest control market.

SCOTTS-The ProTurf division, which supplies to golf courses, has been realigned with a 60% reduction in employees. They will now market through four independent distributors: Turf Partners in the Midwest and Northeast, BWI in the Southwest and Southeast, Wilbur-Ellis in the Northwest, and Western Farm Service in California. Also, Scotts has sold to Farnam Industries of Phoenix, AZ, the assets of the AgrEvo lawn and garden products it had previously acquired.

(Michelle Buesinger, unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, March, and April, 1999.)

A-REST (ancymidol)-SePro-As a result of the IR-4 Project, the company can now add eight new ornamentals to their label for this growth regulator.

ALIETTE (fosetyl-Al)-Rhone-Poulenc-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on arrowwood. [fungicide]

ASTRO (permethrin)-FMC-As a result of the IR-4 Project, this manufacturer can now add to its label the use on freesia, poinsettia, azalea, and pines. [insecticide]

BARRICADE (prodiamine)-Novartis-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on maple, oak, and weigela. [herbicide]

BASAGRAN (bentazon)-BASF-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on nonbearing crabapple. [herbicide]

BRAVO (chlorothalonil)-Zeneca-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on poinsettia. [fungicide]

BUPROFEZIN-AgrEvo-A mistake in the December Agricultural Chemical Newsletter: This product will be registered on ornamentals in 2000, not 1999. The trade name is not known, but it will not be Icon; and Scotts will market the product on ornamentals. [insecticide]

CHLOROTHALONIL-Zeneca/Sostram-The registrants have voluntarily canceled the home lawn use of this fungicide, to address EPA's concern about potential post-application exposure to toddlers around the home. Existing stocks must be sold by 2-1-2000. (FR, vol. 64, 3-3-99). [fungicide]

CLOPYRALID-Dow AgroSciences-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on 18 additional ornamental species. [herbicide]

CONSERVE SC (spinosad)-Dow AgroSciences-Received an EPA label to use on ornamentals grown in greenhouses. [insecticide]

DIMENSION (dithiopyr)-Rohm & Haas-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can add to their label the use on 10 additional ornamental species. [herbicide]

DRIVE 75DF (quinclorac)-BASF-Received EPA registration for use as a postemergence and preemergence turf herbicide, to control broadleaf weeds and grasses. It can be used on both warm- and cool-season turf. It will be marketed by Top Pro Specialties, the joint venture of BASF and Micro Flo Co.

ENVOY (clethodim)-Valen-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on ageratum and snapdragon. [herbicide]

FICAM (bendiocarb)-AgrEvo-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on holly. [insecticide]

FOLICUR (tebuconazole)-Bayer-Received EPA registration to use on grass seed to control rust and powdery mildew. May be applied within 4 days of harvest.

FURADAN (carbofuran)-FM-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on azalea, rhododendron, and yew. [insecticide]

GALLERY (isoxaben)-Dow AgroSciences-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can add to their label the use on 13 more ornamentals. [herbicide]

GOAL (oxyfluorfen)-Rohm & Haas-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the uses on spruce, crabapple, crape myrtle, dogwood, and flowering cherry. [herbicide]

KARMEX (diuron)-DuPont-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can add to their label the use on ash trees. [herbicide]

KOCIDE (copper hydroxide)-Griffin-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on nephthytis, Rose of Sharon, snap dragons, and umbrella trees. [fungicide]

MEDALLION (flutolanil)-Novartis-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on azaleas, balsam, and begonia. [fungicide]

MANEB-Elf Atochem-Due to the high cost of re-registration, the company has petitioned EPA to delete from their label the uses on grass. Unless withdrawn, this change will be effective on 9-7-99. (FR, vol. 64, 3-10-99). [fungicide]

ORTHENE (acephate)-Valent-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on ornamentals, arborvitae, aster, balsam, birch, and chrysanthemum. [insecticide]

PENDULUM (pendimethalin)-American Cyanamid-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the addition of 40 ornamental species. [herbicide]

RONSTAR (oxadiazon)-Rhone-Poulenc-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on 17 more ornamentals. [herbicide]

ROUT (oxyfluorfen /oryzalin)-Scotts-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on honey suckle. [herbicide]

SANMITE (pyridaben)-BASF-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on holly, juniper, rose, and euonymus. [insecticide]

SPOT-LESS (Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain TX-1)-Eco Soil Systems-Received EPA registration to use as a biofungicide to control turfgrass diseases.

TEMPO (cyfluthrin)-Bayer-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on the ornamentals balsam, calendula, carnation, chrysanthemum, geranium, poinsettia, and primrose. [insecticide]

TERRAGUARD 5OW (triflumizole)-Uniroyal-Added to their label the control of botrytis, rust, and fusarium; changed the interval between applications from 3 to 4 weeks to 2 to 4 weeks.

TERRAZOLE (etridazole)-Uniroyal-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on the ornamentals scarlet sage, marigold, petunia, and shrub verbena. [fungicide]

TOPSIN-M (thiophanate-methyl)-Elf Atochem/W.A. Cleary-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on 39 additional ornamental species. [fungicide]

TRANSLINE (clopyralid)-Dow AgroSciences-Added to their label the use on forest sites. [herbicide]

(Michelle Buesinger, unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, March, and April, 1999.)

ELITE (tebuconazole)-Bayer-Received EPA registration to control powdery mildew and black rot on grapes.

FLINT (trifloxystrobin)-Novartis-U.S. registration on grapes and pome fruit is expected this year. [fungicide]

IMIDAN 7OW (phosmet)-Gowan-Added to their label the control of mealy bugs on grapes, as a delayed dormant spray.

PYRAMITE (pyridaben)-BASF-Registration is in process on grapes and stone fruits to control mites and leafhoppers.

SUN SPRAY (petroleum oil)-Sun Co.-As a result of the IR-4 Project, they can now add to their label the use on ageratum. [insecticide]

THINNEX (pelogonic acid)-Dow AgroSciences-This thinning-agent growth regulator will be withdrawn from the market, and the registration will be canceled later in 1999.

TRIFLURALIN-Gowan-Added to their label the use on radishes. [herbicide]

(Michelle Buesinger, unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, March, and April, 1999.)

ARCHER (pyriproxyfen)-Zeneca-Received an expanded label to control ants, crickets, flies, mosquitoes, ticks, moths, gnats, midges, and carpet beetles. Also, it can now be used in aircraft cargo areas, animal research facilities, barns, cargo holds, outdoor pet and animal runs, ships, trains, transport vehicles, unoccupied livestock areas, and poultry houses.

AQUA-RESLIN (permethrin/piperonyl butoxide)-AgrEvo-A new formulation recently introduced to control mosquitoes in mosquito-abatement control programs.

MARLATE (methoxychlor)-Kincaid Ind.-Due to the high cost of re-registration, the company will delete from its label the use as a livestock dip. (FR, vol. 64, 1-27-99). [insecticide]

(Michelle Buesinger, unless otherwise noted, adapted from Agricultural Chemical News, March, and April, 1999.)